Sectoral analysis of club convergence in EU countries’ CO2 emissions

This paper examines convergence clubs for per capita CO2 emissions among 28 European countries in two main activity sectors (Industry and Manufacturing) between 1970 2018, with a focus on the energy sector. The method used is Phillips-Sul log t-test using ordering criteria to run algorithm panel countries. first one last observation second uses sample average. results of analyses data strongly support existence clubs, indicating that five groups are converging distinct steady states aggregate emissions. We also find evidence industry while manufacturing sector shows only when we use criterion case, single state.